With limits on the number of non-standardized plan options in the ACA, we show some actuarial value impacts by cost sharing changes for each metal level.

It can be difficult to keep up with the complexities, limitations, and annual changes in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' Actuarial Value (AV) Calculator, so we offer a reference to better estimate AV impacts.

The future of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act is still in question. The Patient and State Stability Fund (PSSF), a grant program intended to stabilize individual and small group state insurance markets and lower patient costs is one element under discussion. This paper examines the PSSF and considerations for stakeholders.

Captive insurers may help fill the new risk-taking needs under the PPACA.